3.1 - Data Types and Variables and 3.2 0 Lists and Strings Using Variables

  • Variable: Abstraction inside a program that holds a value
  • Strings: Series of characters which can be numbers or letters.
  • Lists: Sequences of elements with each element being a variable
  • Index: Allows you to access parts of a list

    3.3 Algorithms and 3.4 Order of Operations

  • Sequencing: Algorithms do tasks in order
  • Selection: Helps to choose an outcome
  • Iteration: Code repeats if true

    3.5 Booleans and 3.7 Logical Operators

  • Boolean: Represents logical propositions
  • Logical Operators
    • Not displays the opposite
    • And is used for two conditions together
    • Or is when using the function to see if one condition is met
  • Selection: Code that is only executed if true or if false.
  • Algorithm: Code that has instructions in which its goal is to complete something.

    3.8 and 3.10 Iterations and Pseudocode

  • Iteration: A repeating portion of an algorithm that repeats until a condition is met.
  • Iteration statement: Changes the flow of control until a condition allows it to stop
  • Repeat Until: Repeats until the condition is false.

    3.9 and 3.11 Selection, Sequences, and Iterations

  • Algorithms can be written in different ways yet still work in the same way.

    3.12 and 3.13 Procedures and Parameters

  • Procedure: Does a specific part and must be called, such as multiplying two numbers together The procedure will take in parameters and will output values.
  • A parameter is just variables, typically found within procedures.
  • Modularity: Breaking complex programs into easier parts
  • Abstraction: Hides parts and exposes what is necessary
  • Duplication: Multiple codes of the same thing, reduces efficacy as it can be simplified.

    3.14 and 3.15 Randomization and Libraries

  • Software Library: Contains procedures that can be used in the creation of new programs
  • Randomization: Generates a random value between any two numbers.
  • Random Function: Random function can choose a number between two different numerical values. An example is random(1,8) will choose a random number between 1 and 8 inclusive. This helps to simplify code as writing a random number generator would use up a lot more space than “import random”

    3.17 and 3.18 Unsolvability vs Undecidability

  • Unsolvable problem: There is no code that can be written that will give an answer.
  • Undecidable problem: There is no code that can find the answer, but there is an answer, just too complex.